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2517 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE 6.Pipes in walls.Stud partitions containing plumbing,heating,or other pipes shall be so framed and the joists underneath so spaced as to give proper clearance for the piping.Where a partition containing such piping runs parallel to the floor joists,the joists underneath such partitions shall be doubled and spaced to permit f the passage of such pipes and shall be bridged.Where plumbing,heating or other pipes are placed in or partly in a partition,necessitating the cutting of the soles or plates,a metal tie not less than 1/8 inch thick and 11/2 inches wide shall be fastened to the plate across and to each side of the opening with not less than four 16d nails. 7.Bridging.Unless covered by interior or exterior wall coverings or sheathing meeting the minimum requirements of this code,all stud partitions or walls with studs having a height-to-least-thickness ratio exceeding 50 shall have bridging not less than 2 inches in thickness and of the same width as the studs fitted snugly and nailed thereto to provide adequate lateral support. 8.Cutting and notching.In exterior walls and bearing partitions,any wood stud may be cut or notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. (n Cutting or notching of studs to a depth not greater than 40 percent of the width of the stud is permitted in nonbearing partitions supporting no loads other than the „J weight of the partition. l f 9.Bored holes.A hole not greater in diameter than 40 percent of the stud width may be bored in any wood stud. Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the (� width of the stud are permitted in nonbearing partitions or in any wall where each Nbored stud is doubled,provided not more than two such successive doubled studs / ✓ are so bored. In no case shall the edge of the bored hole be nearer than 5/8 inch to the edge of the stud.Bored holes shall not be located at the same section of stud as a cut or notch. (h)Roof and Ceiling Framing. 1. General.The framing details required in this subsection apply to roofs having a minimum slope of 3:12 or greater.When the roof slope is less than 3:12,members supporting rafters and ceiling joists such as ridge board,hips and valleys shall be designed as beams. 2.Spans.Allowable spans for ceiling joists shall be in accordance with Table No.25-U-J-6.Allowable spans for rafters shall be in accordance with Tables No. 25-U-R-1 through No.25-U-R-14,where applicable. 3.Framing.Rafters shall be framed directly opposite each other at the ridge. There shall be a ridge board at least 1-inch nominal thickness at all ridges and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter.At all valleys and hips there shall be a single valley or hip rafter not less than 2-inch nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter. 4. Rafter ties. Rafters shall be nailed to adjacent ceiling joists to form a continuous tie between exterior walls when such joists are parallel to the rafters. Where not parallel,rafters shall be tied to 1-inch by 4-inch(nominal)minimum- size cross ties.Rafter ties shall be spaced not more than 4 feet on center. 5.Purlins.Purlins to support roof loads may be installed to reduce the span of rafters within allowable limits and shall be supported by struts to bearing walls. The maximum span of 2-inch by 4-inch purlins shall be 4 feet.The maximum span 212