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7-14-04; i7:4o ;Lester Bulldin� ;3203955376 # 6/ 28 Article Request Page Page 4 of 26 Washed Sand Properties Appmximately 7.5 m3 (10 cubic yards)of washed sand were obtained from Wingra Stone Company of Madison,WT. This sand was air-dried by spreading it over the floor and using several fans to move surrounding air.The entire process took approximately a month as only a thin layer of sand was dried each day. Sand moisture content after air drying averaged 0.23%. Samples taken from various locations in the dried sand pile were dry-sieved in accordance with ASTM D422-63.Average results from this sieve aaalysis are listed in the ri�ht column of Table 1. From a plot of the gradation curve,grain diameters corresponding to the 10, 30,and 60 percent finer values(i.e.,the D 10,D30 and D60 values)were estimated to be 0.195 mm,0.365 mm,and 1.0 mm.Using these values yields a uniformity coefficient,Cu,for the sand of 5.1,and a coefficient of gradation,Cc, for the sand of 0.68.With a G�less than 6.0,the material is categorized as a poorly graded sand under the Unified Soil Classification System(ASTM D2487- 00).Fineness modulus for the sand was calculated to be 2.8.The sand does fall within the gradation limits for fine ag�regate as specified in ASTM C33-02a Standard Spec�cation for Concrete Aggregates. For the variations in moisture content and compaction in tlus study, sand dry bulk density was found to range between 1.67 and 1.89 Mg/xn3 (104 and 1181bm/ft3).Mean particle specific gravity for the sand was 2.71. Tank Set Up and Specimen Preparation To contain and hydrate dry concrete mix footings,a set-up featuring six 1.2 m3 (300 gallon) galvanized steel livestock tanks was utilized.Each of the six tanks contained nine c�y concrete mix footings laid out as shown in figure 1. The first step in tank set-up involved installation of water supply/drain lines at the base of the tank as shown in figures 1 and 2a.Thirty-eight millimeter(1.5 in.)diameter black corrugated plastic pipe was looped and taped to the base of each tank.Numerous slits were cut ia each loop with a utility knife and each loop was connected via a T-fitting and straight pipe to a line outside the tanlc. Geotextile fabric was positioned in each T-fitting to ensure that sand would not exit the tank through the water supply/drain lines.In addition,groundwater level monitoring tubes were installed on each side of each tank as shown in figure 2b. Five centimeter(2 in.)thick polystyrene was used to Fartition each tank into three sections as shown in figure 1.Thia was done so that footings in one section could be removed without disturbing footings in another section.To facilitate water Aow,partition bottoms were fastened 10 cm(4 in.)above tank bottoma,and numerous 9.5 mm(3/8 in.)holes were drilled through each parrtition.These holes can be seen in figure 4b. Sand,dry concrete mix footings and moisture meters were placed in the tanks after partition installation.First,a 10 cm layer of air-dried sand was compacted into the bottom of each tank using a piece of plywood and an electric sander(figure 3a). Second,tlu�ee dry concrete mix footings were placed in each tank using metal window screen as forms(see figure 4).Each forming screen had a diameter 30 cm(12 in.)and a height slighdy greater than 14 cm(5.5 inches).The 30 cm diaineter was selected because it would provide room for at least three 7.0 cm(2.75 inch)diameter cores. The 14 cm height was dictated by the requirement that concrete core height be two times concrete core diazneter.Dry mix concrete was carefully placed in each form so as to minimize separation of cement and finer aggregate from coarser particles. http://asae.frymulti.com/request2.asp?JII�S&AID=14082&CID=1n�1003&v=&,i=&T=1 6/4/2004